OPT trabajar tras estudiar en una universidad de EEUU

Los estudiantes universitarios extranjeros en Estados Unidos pueden tener derecho a un permiso de trabajo por un mà ­nimo de un aà ±o que se conoce como OPT (programa de entrenamiento opcional, sigla en inglà ©s). Cuando un extranjero con visa F-1 acaba sus estudios puede: Regresar a su paà ­s de origenConseguir una visa de trabajo, siendo las mà ¡s populares las H-1B  y para mexicanos con profesiones listadas en el TLC, la visa TN es una excelente opcià ³n.Continuar con sus estudios, generalmente una maestrà ­a o un doctoradoO conseguir empleo y trabajar con un permiso de trabajo que se obtiene tras solicitar el OPT. Quà © estudiantes extranjeros pueden solicitar un OPT Este programa aplica a los estudiantes de otros paà ­ses que se encuentran en Estados Unidos con una visa F-1 và ¡lida y està ¡n cursando una licenciatura (BA o BS), una maestrà ­a o incluso un doctorado. Cuà ¡ndo se puede trabajar en base al OPT Es posible solicitar el programa antes o despuà ©s de graduarse. En el primer caso es necesario que: El estudiante haya completado en Estados Unidos al menos un aà ±o de curso acadà ©mico.El trabajo a realizar està © directamente relacionado con sus estudios.Trabaje a tiempo parcial mientras durante el curso acadà ©mico, pudiendo ampliar su horario laboral a tiempo completo durante las vacaciones. Pero si se solicita para trabajar despuà ©s de graduarse podrà ¡: Trabajar a tiempo completoSe descontarà ¡ del tiempo mà ¡ximo de OPT los dà ­as ya trabajados antes de graduarse, si ese fuera el caso.Y siempre serà ¡ necesario que el trabajo està © directamente relacionado con el à ¡rea de estudio del estudiante internacional.Tambià ©n se puede crear una empresa. Estas son 8 opciones para obtener visa y fundar una empresa, incluida con una OPT. Tramitacià ³n del OPT Una vez que se encuentra una empresa dispuesta a contratar al estudiante internacional, està © debe ponerse en contacto con el DSO (oficial designado de la escuela, siglas en inglà ©s). Es la persona en la universidad a cargo de los estudiantes de otros paà ­ses. Corresponde al DSO recomendar al estudiante para que se le conceda el OPT y realizar labores administrativas requeridas por las autoridades de inmigracià ³n de Estados Unidos para que pueda ser aprobado ese programa. Por ejemplo, que se registre la peticià ³n en SEVIS. Tiempo de vigencia del OPT En principio, el premiso de trabajo es và ¡lido por un total de doce meses. Sin embargo, los que se conceden una vez que el estudiante ha completado sus estudios y està ¡n relacionados con ciertas à ¡reas pueden prorrogarse por 17 meses mà ¡s. Estas extensiones està ¡n limitadas a lo que se denomina como estudios en materias STEM (Ciencias, Tecnologà ­a, Ingenierà ­a y Matemà ¡ticas, siglas en inglà ©s). Asà ­ los estudiantes especializados en estos estudios tendrà ¡n la opcià ³n de pedir una ampliacià ³n del tiempo de trabajo autorizado. Para saber exactamente quà © se debe estudiar para ser considerado como STEM se puede consultar el listado de cursos elegibles publicados por CIP. En todo caso, incluye carreras como: Ciencias de la computacià ³n aplicadasCiencia Mà ©dicaCiencia Tecnolà ³gicaBiologà ­aBiomedicinaEstadà ­sticasIngenierà ­aMatemà ¡ticasMatemà ¡ticas aplicadasTecnologà ­a Militar Los estudiantes internacionales en esas materias que deseen prorrogar su OPT deben haber completado sus estudios de licenciatura (tà ­tulo universitario, maestrà ­a o doctorado en eso y trabajar en ese campo. Por ejemplo, si una persona se gradà ºa de la universidad con un BS en Matemà ¡ticas pero luego hace un MBA (maestrà ­a de negocios) y tiene un OTP relacionado con esto à ºltimo, entonces no podrà ¡ solicitar una extensià ³n por tener una licenciatura de estudios STEM. Es muy importante entender eso. Por à ºltimo, para poder solicitar esta extensià ³n de 17 meses. Requisitos que hay que cumplir mientras se trabaja con un OPT El estudiante internacional -aunque haya finalizado sus estudios- deberà ¡ notificar al DSO cualquier cambio de su domicilio, correo electrà ³nico o cambio de empleador o lugar de residencia de este. Incluso cambios en su nombre, como por ejemplo en casos de matrimonio. Asimismo, cada seis meses deberà ¡ confirmar que no se ha producido ninguno de eso cambios. Te puede interesar La universidad  en Estados Unidos puede  resultar muy cara. Por ello, un buen nà ºmero de estudiantes internacionales prefieren iniciar sus estudios en un Community College, estas son sus ventajas. Y estas son 25 becas a las que pueden optar los estudiantes internacionales por mà ©rito.Y estas son 13 universidades de à ©lite que siguen la polà ­tica de need-blind  para todo tipo de estudiantes, incluidos los internacionales (becas totales o casi para los estudiantes que son admitidos).Las 10 mejores universidades de Estados Unidos (y del mundo)Cuà ¡les son las Ivy League

Should Offenders Be A Effective Transition Into Society

More than 700,000 offenders are released from state and federal prisons every year with over two-thirds returning to jail within three years of their release. Reentry programs are created to aid offenders that are incarcerated make an effective transition into society once they are released. Reentrance into ones community from a stay in jail or prison is a difficult transition for most offenders, not to mention for their family and even the community. There are many trials for these offender, such as being uneducated, therefore not able to find adequate employment, drug abuse, limited options for housing and mental health issues. (Prisoner Reentry Programs: Ensuring a Safe and Successful Return to the Community. (n.d.).) In the article Enhancing Offender Re-Entry, the article focuses on how the offender changes from being an active criminal to being a contributing member to society. (Serin, R., Lloyd, C., Hanby, L. (2010)) What process does the offender go through to reenter society and how can our knowledge of this be expanded so we can make the transition more successful. The author believes that offenders with high risk scores in a risk assessment are more likely to become repeat offenders however additional factors must be thought of to increase our perception of reentry. Probation is an important factor when it comes to reentry, but due to the overwhelming caseload most probation officers have they can’t have a quality relationship with the offender, however this canShow MoreRelatedProbation And Parole Have The Luxury Of Allowing Criminals1124 Words   |  5 Pagesrehabilitate offender, guide them back into society, life skills and training and preparation. This transition can be very f rustrating and difficult especially when the ex-offender has been locked away in prison for a long period of time. Help from the community, church, probation and parole is needed in order to help with a successful outcome. Throughout this refection paper I will discuss the types of assistance that should be provided to parole offenders and the concerns society will most likelyRead MoreThe Treatment Of Prisoner Reintegration1270 Words   |  6 Pagesis very complex. Due to the reason, each offender is dissimilar from one another by either the crime in which they have committed or by the demographic factors which are presented prior to them being sanctioned to confinement. On the contrary, an offender faces multiple difficulties right after they are released from being incarcerated. The release of an inmate affects both that individual and the location they will be released into. Often time’s offenders are strained when they are placed back intoRead MoreShould Prisons Rehabil itate The Real World?869 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Getting Prepared to Re-enter the Real World Topic: Should Prisons Rehabilitate General Purpose: To change thinking Specific Purpose: To persuade my listeners to consider that rehabilitation would be beneficial to prisoners. Pattern of Organization: Problem-Solution Central Idea/Thesis Statement: Prisons should offer more programs to prisoners so that when they get out in society they can readapt to the real world. Introduction: I. AttentionRead MoreOffender Re Entry And Recidivism1038 Words   |  5 PagesOFFENDER RE-ENTRY AND RECIDIVISM Gabriela Jimenez Dr. Kucharski PSY 370-02 May, 2016 Offender Re-entry and Recidivism Corrections and Criminal Justice are major fields in the area of psychological research. The attention driven to these two fields reflect greatly on the public’s interest and opinion on the control of crime in the United States. Risk, need, and other characteristics of offenders’ influence on the management of programs to reduce criminal recidivism (Andrews,1989)Read MoreAn Offender Reentry Plan Will Keep the Citizens of Hawaii Safer.1709 Words   |  7 Pagesprisons. Part of its role is to fulfill its mission of implementing a successful offender reentry program for all incarcerated offenders. This mission is mandated by the Hawaii State Senate Bill 932, Act 8 (Nakaso Kayton, 2007). The approval of this legislature was made in order to alleviate the problem of recidivism and stop the â€Å"swinging door effect.† The â€Å"swinging door effect† is defined as the repeated return of offenders into incarceration within a short period. This will also help the State ofRead MoreEstablishing Successful Re-Entry Programs for Ex-Convicts1208 Words   |  5 Pagesyear. Fair amounts of offenders receive some sort of rehabilitation programming while they are incarcerated, albeit many return not able to reintegrate back into their surrounding communities. One way to establish successful offender re-integration is through successful reentry programs. This reason among others is why it is so important that we continue to facilitate correctional programs that increase the margin of public safety through the successful rehabilitation of offenders. Reentry programsRead MorePrograms That Help Convicts Return Of The Community1520 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity A broad range of information and support programs are offered to guide convicted criminals released from federal and state prisons and jails prepare for their reentrance into society. These programs’ main aim is to equip prisoners with skills and information to assist them in their transition from prison into the community and help them survive life outside of prison. These curriculums offer a lot of relevant knowledge according to each prisoner’s situation. This process phase ofRead More Classical Theory: Cesane Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham1626 Words   |  7 Pagesof what causes the crime, thus having a different understand and method into solving and eliminating crime. By looking at these overarching theories, we can come to understand how they both are beneficial and incorporated into the laws within our society, however does now have the power to rid it of crime. Classical theory explores the idea that crime is the intent to commit, rather than a reaction to an unfavorable situation. This theory believes that a committed crime was intended to gain ‘self-seekingRead MoreEvaluation Of A Probation Supervision1737 Words   |  7 Pagesin the United States, and is designed to achieve control in a community setting over offenders who would otherwise go to prison. Some states have extended intensive supervision to paroles, allowing the early release of some who would otherwise serve longer prison terms. The book also mentions that this type of probation can be effective by saying, a study published in 2000 shows that IPS programs can be effective at reducing recidivism, especially if the programs are well planned and fully implementedRead MoreFuture of the Juvenile Justice System1280 Words   |  6 Pagesprograms had similar attitudes towards the police as those that had no contact with law enforcement (Brick, Taylor, Esbensen, 2009, p. 493 ). Adjudicated youth with disabilities transitioning back into the community are also facing issues. This transition can be difficult under normal circumstances, but the addition of their disability and potential lack of family ties can create additional problems in the rehabilitation process. In a study, it was concluded that adjudicated juveniles with disabilities

Morality and Law Free Essays

We begin this essay with a word about freedom- it is cherished by those who possess it and yearned for by those who have yet to experience it.   Nonetheless, freedom carries with it a high level of responsibility- perhaps not only to follow the letter of the law, but also to pursue one’s freedom with some level of civility or morality.   Therein lies the paradox- where should the line, if any, be drawn between morality and law. We will write a custom essay sample on Morality and Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In this essay, several controversial topics which toe the line between legality and morality will be presented and discussed in the hopes of drawing some valid conclusions about this issue. Drugs If it is safe to say that legally prescribed and utilized drugs are accepted by all but the most staunch of religious zealots, it is also safe to say that illegally prescribed drugs, street drugs and the abuse of any drug is considered immoral, but not by all.   In some parts of the world, certain drugs that would land someone in jail in other nations are legally and socially accepted.  Ã‚   This fact in itself brings to light an interesting perspective on the issue of morality and law- how closely related is law and morality? In the case of drugs, the relationship seems to be somewhat disjointed in some instances, because illegal drugs are quite literally one of the largest industries in the â€Å"civilized world†.   This can be interpreted as proof that everything that is illegal is not necessarily viewed as immoral as well as a clear example of the dynamic between the expression of freedom and the violation of the rights of others, for any freedom, if it harms innocent people through its exercise, needs to be reevaluated for the common good (Peach, 2002). Alcohol When speaking of alcohol, the very topic is in itself enigmatic; for all intents and purposes, alcohol can be classified as a drug because of its ability to alter the senses, distort perceptions, and attract the abuser into a spiral of addiction.   However, it is considered by the vast majority of the world to be a legal drug, which is to say that it is legal for those of established age to buy, sell, and use alcohol. When left to one’s own devices, the use, purchase or sale of alcohol can be illegal; for example, the operation of motor vehicles while under the influence of alcohol is illegal, as is the sale/purchase of it to/by underage or visibly impaired individuals. Additionally, any use of alcohol is considered morally wrong by many religious/ethical groups.   Therefore, in alcohol, we see the embodiment of the morality/legality argument- some things are legal in some cases, illegal in others, but also reviled in many circles in any circumstance (Peach, 2002). Prostitution Regarded as the world’s oldest profession, prostitution in one form or another has existed since there has been something of value for which one human being could offer sexual favors to another.   In the 21st century, we see a world where prostitution is legal in some nations/parts of nations, and illegal in others.   In the nations where it is legal, it would be assumed that this is so due to the moral tolerance of the masses to allow such a practice.   In a nation like the United States, where very few states allow prostitution, a moral divide exists between advocates and opponents.   Therefore, an interesting point emerges- the possibility that in many cases, societal norms dictate the letter of the law.   When the majority opposes or supports something, or takes no action either way, laws, it can be said, reflect the will of the majority itself (Peach, 2002). Pornography Pornography is yet another illustration of the will of the people to dictate the law, but with a twist- very few people publicly support pornography as something which is good for the general society, yet it is allowed to exist as something legal in many jurisdictions as long as certain universal rules are not violated, such as the use of children in pornography, abuse of innocent victims, etc. In this instance, it is likely that the tolerance of pornography as something legal, yet immoral has as much to do with the pursuit of money on the part of those who benefit financially from pornography as it does with the prurient interests of the public at large.   People who wish to have something immoral because they like it are often times more prone to ignore the bigger picture of the detriment to society that something like pornography represents. Domestic Violence Violence against one’s own family members is illegal/immoral in some societies, and not in others- why is this so?   The main reason is associated with religious beliefs.   In theocratic nations, where religious leaders dictate policy and law, there are those cases where the abuse of a wife by a husband, for example, is tolerated if the husband feels it necessary, whereas the abuse of children is almost universally reviled (Peach, 2002).   An interesting point emerges in this situation- the power of morality in some cases to shape the word of law. Conclusion In this essay, we have seen that morality and law are in some cases exclusive of each other, related in others.   Still further, each of these in some situations can overpower the other due to societal norms, religion, etc.   Whatever the case, in conclusion, one point has become abundantly clear based upon this research- morality cannot always be legislated, nor will morality always make the best laws.   Perhaps the issue of freedom, which began the essay, is a fitting final word- without freedom, the human race suffers, but with it, suffering can also become rampant.   It is the responsibility of the people of the world to exercise freedom-with restraint. References Peach, L. (2002). Legislating Morality: Pluralism and Religious Identity in Lawmaking. New York: Oxford University Press. How to cite Morality and Law, Essay examples

Wikang Filipino free essay sample

Malnutrition in the Philippines. Ravenholt A. PIP: In the Philippines poverty and pervasive malnutrition are not limited to families of deprived seasonal workers. Undernourishment is endemic and increasing throughout most of this archipelago of some 7100 islands, and is compounded by the prevalence of intestinal parasites and gastrointestinal diseases which health workers estimate deprive youngsters of at least 5-10% of the nutritional value in food they do consume. This problem is particularly prevalent in rural villages and city slums where many people eat with their fingers. According to the Philippine Ministry of Health, nearly 1/2 of all reported deaths are among infants and children through age 4, and about 1/2 of the accelerated death rate among those age 5 and younger is related to malnutrition, compounded by diarrhea, measles, and malaria which is returning to areas where it once was almost eradicated. 3 factors critically affect a newborns survival prospects: the family size he or she is born into; the time or spacing between the mothers pregnancies; and the childs birth order. Evidence indicates that, during the 1970s, as US aid and other family planning assistance became available, they were used most among families in the 2 highest income classes, where reduction of family size is under way. Poverty is the most fundamental cause of malnutrition, although many other factors contribute. Land reform has brought security of tenure and increasingly is transferring ownership of fields to former tenants of rice and corn lands. For the former tenants enhanced security brings greater income and better eating for the farm families retain more of the crop. The undernourished and truly poor of the Philippines number about 1/2 of the population. Although dispersed throughout most of the archipelago, there are important regional differences. These related to marked geographic patterns that affect fertility of the soil, length of the dry season, fortunes of predominant crops, vulnerability to destructive typhoons, chronic warfare and other endemic lawlessness, major debilitating diseases, and especially population pressure. Malnutrition is not a hidden problem. The government, almost since the proclamation of 1972 martial law, has campaigned against malnutrition. During the 1970s, the government developed a major program of expanded production with the result that rice production expanded substantially. Even this achievement leaves the average Filipino short by 300 calories of food intake per day. It is not jiggering with food aid or government price incentives that will assure that future Filipinos will have enough to eat. Only a productive revolution of rural life that also educates mothers to know what makes for sound family nutrition will be adequate. MANILA, PHILIPPINES (22 August 2005) A lack of basic vitamins and micronutrients in the diet is damaging the health of one third of the worlds population and hampering economic development, according to a recent joint report from the United Nations Childrens Fund and the Micronutrient Initiative (MI). Simple iron deficiency in Indonesia reduces gross domestic product by some 0. 5% each year ($485 million) through lost productivity, as estimated in 2003s Global Assessment Report on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies. Yet food fortification offers a low-cost method for facing the problem, and ought to be the first public-policy choice for delivering nutrition improvement programs and lowering clinical malnutrition. With food fortification strategies supported and maintained through market-based systems, governments can focus the delivery of food supplements, nutrition services, and dietary education to disadvantaged populations with limited access to fortified food. A Simple and Cheap Technology Fortifying flour, salt, and oil, for example, offers an effective and inexpensive way to get essential vitamins and minerals into food for low-income and at-risk populations. The technology is simple, the product quality is unaffected, and the incremental price is low. Salt can be iodized, for example, for as little as five cents per person, per year. Using food fortification to reduce micronutrient deficiencies helps strengthen economies by lowering health care costs and increasing worker productivity. It also improves childrens cognitive development, further elping expand and sustain economic development. Access to fortified food, however, is often limited because of low purchasing power and underdeveloped distribution channels. Control of micronutrient deficiencies through food fortification, nonetheless, is gaining international attention. For example, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) funded primarily by the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, bilateral donors, and the MI provides resources to alliances of governments, industry, and civil society to implement large-scale food fortification programs that reach low-income populations. The Copenhagen Consensus, which addresses some of the biggest challenges facing the world, and assesses development opportunities and their costs, rated food fortification with micronutrients as the most successful intervention to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, and iodine and vitamin A deficiencies. Lack of iron not only has an influence on fetal and childhood development, but also has a direct negative effect on the productivity of adults. Iodine deficiency in childhood reduces brain development, and vitamin A deficiency can permanently damage eyesight or even cause blindness. Fortification: A National Challenge To be successful, national fortification programs must be sustainable and market driven, and governments must back them up with adequate regulations, standards, and public education. International experience shows that government policy, standards, and regulations are critical to establishing an environment that enables the private food sector to invest, produce, and distribute quality, fortified products. Government is key to creating producer awareness, building consumer demand, and shaping the marketplace with clear regulations and transparent regulatory enforcement procedures. Food control and monitoring systems for fortified flour, salt, and other foods require technical and managerial capacity as well as coordination among government agencies charged with regulating domestic and imported food. There is also a need to strengthen food control and monitoring systems for fortified food at the market and household levels. New Approaches in Indonesia Vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders, and iron deficiency anemia are common problems in Indonesia. These micronutrient deficiencies contribute to disease, mortality, growth retardation, brain damage, and reduced cognitive and working capacity among children and adults. That puts a severe strain on education and health systems, lowers productivity, and raises levels of sustained poverty. In urban slum areas, the prevalence of underweight children is especially high, and anemia rates among young children remain alarmingly high. More than half the children under 5 years of age are vitamin A deficient. A recent study showed that consumption of palm oil by poor families was sufficient to deliver 30% of the recommended daily allowance for vitamin A, suggesting that vitamin A fortification of palm oil presents a promising opportunity to reduce the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. While iron supplementation is widely implemented to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia in adults, realistic alternatives for young children remain very limited. Therefore, in-home fortification with multimicronutrient fortificants, which are also called sprinkles, is a new option to address iron deficiency anemia in young children. It consists of microencapsulated iron and other essential micronutrients to treat and prevent iron and other deficiencies in infants and young children. The encapsulation is a thin lipid (vegetable fat) coating that prevents the iron from dissolving into the weaning food, thus, preventing any change in color, flavor, and taste of food. Multimicronutrient fortificants can be added to complementary food to reduce vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children 6-59 months of age. Sprinkles have proved effective in Benin, Peoples Republic of China, Ghana, India, and Mongolia. Although the product is not yet commercially available, sprinkles may promise an alternative for Indonesian children who suffer micronutrient deficiencies. To combat malnutrition in Asia and the Pacific region, ADB has provided technical assistance on nutrition and food fortification to 16 developing member countries since 1996. In addition, two grant projects launched since 2001 and funded through the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) aim to promote sustainable food fortification programs in the Central Asian republics and Mongolia. To address the alarming rates of micronutrient deficiencies in Southeast Asia, ADB has launched its first food fortification project for Indonesia, with $1. 75 million financed through the JFPR. The grant project pilots palm oil fortification with vitamin A and assesses the technical feasibility to locally produce multimicronutrient fortificants. It is estimated that about 70% of the population, particularly the poor, could be reached if palm oil is fortified with vitamin A. The oil fortification technology is uncomplicated and widespread. The project also aims to establish public-private partnerships for marketing and distributing sprinkles. About ADBThe Philippines is already experiencing over-population. Our country is one of the most over-populated country. It is the 12th most over-populated country in the whole world. Many of the people here in the Philippines, especially teenagers, are engaged in prostitution and pre-marital sex, which is two of the most common causes of over-population. Over-population is existing and increasing because also of poverty. Many of the female teenagers nowadays tend to sell themselves just for money, so that they will be able to have something for their expenses, and in some cases, for their school fees and/or their families. In fact, because of these things Philippines is also starting to suffer from some diseases, such as, AIDS, STD, HIV, and also malnutrition only common to some parts or provinces of the Philippines.