AIR ASIA Essay

Sadanand Maiya Talking to TWB on accepting the Honorary Doctorate, he offered his satisfaction and thanks to the individuals of Karnataka and said that originating from a Brahmin family he should offer free food to poor and destitute individuals, however in business he was vulnerable, and as another option, he had now chosen to help the individuals in the field of Education under the standard of his own trust in particular â€Å"Sadananda Maiya Charitable Trust†. The PU Block comprising of 6 stories will be named after him at Jayanagar National College grounds at an expected expense of Rs. 6 crore supported by him with most recent hello there end advancements, and will begin working in the blink of an eye. For MCA from next scholarly year, four stories will be practically prepared by June and the staying 2 stories will be prepared by October he said. Other than this, he has given 40 PCs to his old neighborhood school and developed PU Block at Kotta Viveka School and a very much loaded library at Sneha Sagar School. Having a place with a presumed hotelier family which had set up the Mavalli Tiffin Room café at Bangalore in 1924, Mr. Maiya guzzled the natural capacity to â€Å"CREATE† nourishments with enduring taste and flavor in any event, when he was concentrating in the school/school. While the vast majority of the young men at his age were increasingly captivated by different extracurricular exercises, Mr. Maiya decided to invest his recreation energy to watch and gain proficiency with the perplexing craftsmanship/aptitude of making new/imaginative nourishments from his progenitors at MTR café. It was this casual introduction, which had made him a genuine expert of craftsmanship and study of cooking numerous conventional nourishments of South India. Mr. Maiya was conceived at Parampaalli in Dakshina Kannada locale (by and by Udupi region) on July 13, 1949. After a splendid school profession in his local spot, he finished the Bachelor of Engineering course in Electrical designing at BMS College of Engineering, University of Bangalore in the year 1973. Mr. Maiya, as an accomplice propelled MTR Foods in 1976 and by 1978 set up a little scope office to fabricate a large group of prepared blend items for some well known nourishments, which became moment hits in the market From a little scope prepared blend unit Mr. Maiya raised the status of his association to a significant player in the mechanical scene of the nation with high perceivability and customer altruism. MTR Foods Ltd., as observed today, was joined in 1997 with Mr. Maiya as Chairman and Managing Director and development of the association since the time has been extraordinary, with the yearly turnover of enlisting more than Rs. 1000 million during 2002-2003. Mr. Maiya was instrumental in changing the status of his organization from a little scope unit to an ISO 9000 organization with HACCP affirmation. Appropriation of the universally acclaimed - System Application Product in information handling, famously known as â€Å"SAP†, by MTR Foods Ltd, for raising the administration effectiveness to be comparable to

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Universal Relations - Essay Example Pakistan state is reflected by its economy as CIA Factbook portrays Pakistan as â€Å"an devastated and immature country†. In any case, in the early piece of the century, the administration has been spending to usher advancement which fundamentally diminished destitution levels and made a semi-industrialized economy (CIA Factbook, 2009). As a nation endeavors to push for a more grounded economy, there is an opportunity of progress in a steady premise. Indeed, Pakistan today is considered as having the 27th biggest economy regarding buying power and has the second biggest economy in South Asia (Bloomberg, 2009). Regardless, the nation is as yet battling with expansion and rising outside obligation as exacerbated by the world money related emergency in 2008. The beneficial thing about Pakistan is that nations like the United States and worldwide associations (IMF) have activities to assist Pakistan with recouping from an awful economy which can improve its financial circumstance later on. To put it plainly, Pakistan isn't a bombed state, it is a nation defaced by a long political history that influenced its economy. It is torn by inside clashes and weight from bunches like Taliban yet it is basically a state with an utilitarian government. On the off chance that one investigates news about Pakistan, much reports harp on across the board savagery as brought about by psychological warfare.

The Stroop Effect Naming the Color but Not the Word

The Stroop Effect Naming the Color but Not the Word To interact properly and appropriately with the world around us, it is important for us to not only see what it around us, but also to understand it. This occurs through a process known as visual processing, where our brain tries to make sense of what we see with our eyes.When we look at something, our brain not only takes note of the physical attributes of what we see, but it also tries to understand the meaning behind these physical attributes. For instance, when you look at a television set, you don’t just see its shape, size and color; you also gain understanding about what it means.You automatically understand that it requires electricity to operate, you know that you might need a remote controller to operate it, you know you can catch the news on it if you switch it on, and so on. All this happens automatically and unconsciously.Without even thinking about it, your brain processes all this information when you simply look at an object.THE STROOP EFFECTIn a bid to gain more un derstanding about how our brains process visual information, an American psychologist by the name John Ridley Stroop conducted an experiment that came to be known as the Stroop Test. The Stroop test itself is quite simple and involves two steps.In the first step, a participant is presented with a list of words for colors. The words are printed in colored ink whose color is different from the color denoted by the word. For instance, the word “blue” might be printed in red ink.The participant is then asked to read through the words as quickly as possible, without paying any attention to the color in which the word is printed. The participant is timed as they read through the words.To illustrate the first step of the experiment, below is a group of words for colors whose color is different from the color denoted by the word. Time yourself and note how long it takes you to read through the words while ignoring the color in which they appear.BLUE      PURPLE      GREEN      RED      ORANGE      YELLOW      BROWN      PINKHow did you fare? I bet you read through the words quite fast.In the second step of the experiment, the participant is once again presented with a list of words for colors, with the words printed in in colored ink whose color is different from the color denoted by the word.However, this time the challenge is a bit different. Instead of reading out the words, the participant is required to name the color in which the word is printed. For instance, if the word “brown” is printed in yellow ink, the participant should say “yellow” instead of brown. They should ignore what the word says and focus on its color.Once again, below is a list of words for colors printed in colors that are different from the colors denoted by the words.Time yourself as you go through the words, saying out loud the color in which they are printed while ignoring what the word says.PINK      YELLOW      GREEN      ORANGE      BLACK      BLUE      PURPLE        WHITE      GREY How did you fare this time round? Did it take you much longer to read through the words? Did you find it hard to actually name the color the words are printed in rather than what the word says? Below is a video of the test. When J. R. Stroop conducted his experiments in 1935, he noticed that the participants had a harder time naming the color compared to simply reading out the words. He attributed this to a phenomenon that has come to be known as the Stroop effect, named after him.The Stroop effect is the interference (mind flub) you just experienced when trying to name the colors while ignoring what the words say. Your brain was trying to process two conflicting mental processes, both of which were simultaneously competing for your brain’s attention and prominence.The Stroop effect provides evidence that the embedded knowledge we have about our environment has an influence on how we interact with the environment. It also shows that we are no t always in control of what our brains choose to pay attention to. But why does this interference occur?The Stroop test reveals that our brains are automatically inclined to read any text we come across. As an adult, you have been reading words for so long that it becomes an effortless and automatic process that does not require any significant cognitive effort and that you cannot avoid.Seeing a word and trying to avoid reading it is like trying to avoid thinking about an elephant when someone says “don’t think of an elephant.” You just can’t do it. In the experiment, you are trying to focus on the color the word is printed in, but your brain cannot avoid reading what the word says.This gives you two bits of conflicting information (the actual color you see, and the color you think of after reading the word). To solve this conflict and come up with the required answer, your brain has to expend more cognitive effort.Having to take in two conflicting bits of information and th en resolve the difference between them slows down your response, which is why it takes you longer to go through the second set of words.Out of practice (years upon years of reading) our word-recognition ability is much faster than our color recognition ability. This means that most people will recognize what a word means before they recognize the color in which it is written.In addition, out of experience, our brains have learnt that the meaning of a word is more important than the color it is written in. So, in essence, our brains have learnt to ignore the color and focus on what the word says. However, the exercise requires you to name the color and not the meaning of the word.Therefore, your brain has to inhibit the word recognition process, which is faster, in order for the color recognition process to provide the correct response. This inhibition requires something known as selective attention.Sometimes, your brain, in its impulsivity, is unable to suppress the faster word reco gnition process, which is why you might have given a few erroneous answers, reading out the word instead of naming the color it is written in.Because of this, the Stroop test is used to test for mental processes associated with conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Subjects with ADHD are more likely to make more errors and to take longer in the second step of the Stroop test.This is because the brains of people with ADHD are more prone to impulsivity and therefore have a harder time inhibiting the much faster word recognition process to allow the color recognition process to provide the correct response.The inhibition of some mental process is facilitated by the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is why ADHD patients are usually treated by restoring their levels of dopamine, which in turn suppresses their impulsivity.The Stroop effect happens automatically; there is not much we can do to prevent it. To show how automatically it happens, the Stroop effect is even said to have been used by American intelligence agents to catch a man suspected of being a Russian spy.Apparently, the man, who claimed not to know Russian, was presented with the Stroop test, but with the words for colors written in Russian instead of English.When asked to name the colors of the words, the man had a slow response rate when the words and colors were incongruent (the word was written in a color that was different from the color denoted by the word).This was a signal to the American intelligence agents that the man could actually speak Russian, despite claiming otherwise.THEORIES THAT EXPLAIN THE STROOP EFFECTThere are a number of different theories that have been used to explain the Stroop effect.While the theories differ in the part of visual processing that they emphasize, all the theories are unified by the central premise that it is much simpler and more automatic to read a word than to recognize and name a color, and that a conflict between the two proce sses will lead to increased cognitive effort and slower processing times.These theories are also sometimes referred to as ‘race models’ because all have an underlying notion that both pieces of information (the meaning of the word and the color) are processed simultaneously, but then they ‘race’ to enter the central processor first when it comes to selecting a response.Below are the different theories used to explain the Stroop effect:Speed of Processing TheoryThis theory proposes that the lag experienced when trying to name the color but not the word occurs the brain can recognize words faster than it can recognize colors. In other words, the theory proposes that word processing and color recognition occur at different speeds, with word processing occurring much faster.Therefore, when one is required to state the color, the information about what the word actually says arrives at the decision making stage before information about the color in which the word is written.Howev er, since the information that arrives first is not relevant in this case, this leads to processing confusion. It becomes more difficult to name the color after we have already read the word.In the first step of the experiment, where the participant is required to read out the word and ignore the color, there is no conflict because the relevant information (what the word says) arrives faster than the irrelevant information (color).Selective Attention TheoryAccording to the Selective Attention Theory, color recognition requires more attention compared to simply reading a word.This in turn means that color recognition takes longer, either as the brain allocates the extra attentive resources required or as it tries to inhibit distractions from sources of information that do not provide the appropriate response (word recognition).Automaticity TheoryThe Automaticity Theory is the one that is most commonly used to explain the Stroop effect. According to this theory, out of habitual readin g, our brains have gotten to a point where reading occurs automatically. It does not require any focused attention.When you look at a word, your brain automatically engages it and understands what the word means. Color recognition, on the other hand, is not an automatic process. It requires some focused attention.Therefore, when you look at a word, your brain automatically recognizes what the word is saying while it takes a bit longer to process the color, leading to slower response times.Parallel Distributed Processing TheoryAccording to the parallel distributed processing theory, as the brain analyzes and processes information, it develops different and specific pathways to process different tasks. The strength of the pathways depends on the frequency with which the pathways are used.When two pathways are activated at the same time, information in the stronger pathway is processed before the information in the weaker pathway. Since you read a lot more frequently than you are requi red to identify the color words are written in, the reading pathway is a lot stronger than the color identification pathway.During the Stroop effect, both pathways are activated simultaneously.Since the reading pathway is stronger, this information is processed first. However, since the appropriate response requires information from the weaker pathway, this leads to interference and slower response times.IMPORTANCE OF THE STROOP EFFECTThe Stroop test and the Stroop effect have a number of uses is psychology. The test is very useful in evaluating a person’s attentional capacity, their cognitive processing speed, their selective attention capacity and their level of executive function.These facets give psychologists a glimpse into how we interact with the world us. In other words, the Stroop test helps give psychologists a more detailed understanding of human thought and behavior. It helps them to observe the cognitive processes that drive explicit thought and provides insights into how the non-conscious brain works.The Stroop test is also used in conjunction with other neuropsychological assessments in the diagnosis of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.The interference resulting from the Stroop Test has also been found to be more pronounced in people suffering from conditions such as ADHD, dementia, brain damage, and addictions to drugs, alcohol and gambling.In addition, researchers also use the Stroop test in conjunction with brain imaging studies to understand the regions of the brain that are involved in processes such as decision making, planning and managing interference in the real world, such as talking on a phone while driving or studying for an exam when the television is on.People have also recently started using variations of the Stroop test as exercise to help them improve their directed-attention skills and increase their mental vitality. The test can also be used as an exercise to help people hone the ir ability to control impulsive behavior.During a Stroop test, the participant is required to overcome the impulse to respond to the initial and stronger stimuli and instead focus on a weaker stimuli. The better you become at inhibiting the urge to read instead of reporting the color, the better your brain will become at controlling impulsive behavior.VARIATIONS OF THE STROOP TESTAside from the original Stroop test, there have been other variations of the test which evaluate the effect of other sensory variables on interference. Below are some of the most popular variations of the test.Warped Words Stroop TestThis variation is quite similar to the original Stroop test, with words for colors printed in ink color that is different from the color denoted by the word. However, this test takes things a step further. The words are also warped (curvy shaped). The aim here is to make the words more difficult to read.The idea behind this test is that making the words harder to read slows dow n the brain’s reaction and processing time.Surprisingly, the findings from the warped words Stroop test are similar to those from the original test. Participants still take longer to identify the color compared to reading the words.Emotional Stroop TestThe emotional Stroop test gives psychologists a glimpse into how the brain processes information related to emotions. In the emotional Stroop test, negative emotional words, such as “sadness,” “sorrow,” and “depression” are placed in between neutral words such as “car,” “television,” and “house”.The words are printed in different colored ink, and just like in the original Stroop test, the participant is supposed to name the color each word is written in, while ignoring what the word says.According to researchers, participants suffering from depression will take longer to name the colors on negative emotional words compared to the colors of neutral words. In the emotional Stroop test, the interference arises f rom the conflict between the color of the word and the emotional relevance of the word to the participant.Animal Stroop TestThis is a variation of the Stroop test that is used with young children. Normally, the Stroop effect occurs in adults because they have been reading for years, to the extent where reading comes automatically to them. However, for young children, reading is not very well established or fluent, and therefore does not come automatically.Children below the age of 6 can barely even read the words, therefore there would be no conflicting information to allow psychologists to measure interference. Provided the children know their colors, they would perform relatively well in the Stroop test because the words do not mean anything to them.In order for young children to effectively undertake the Stroop test, the test needs something the children can do automatically. This is where the animal Stroop test comes in. By the age of 4, most children can name common animals whe n presented with the pictures of the animals.In fact, when presented with these pictures, most young children will name the animals without being prompted. In other words, it comes to them automatically.In the animal Stroop test, the children are presented with pictures of animals, with a small twist. The heads of the animals have been swapped. For instance, the head of a cow might be placed on a dog, while the head of a dog is placed on a duck. The children are then asked to name the animal based on its body instead of its head.Since the head of the animal is more prominent, the children are automatically drawn to it. In order for them to provide the correct response, they have to inhibit the automatic response (naming based on the head) and name the animal based on its body.Studies conducted using the animal Stroop test find that children experience the same kind of interference that adults experience with the original Stroop test.Spatial Stroop TestThis is a variation of the Stro op test that is used to investigate the interference between an objects location and the location information derived from the object. In this test, an upward or downward-facing arrow appears randomly above or below a line.The participant is required to report the direction of the arrow (whether it is pointing up and down) while ignoring the arrows location relative to the line.Researchers found that responses are faster and more accurate when the stimuli is congruent (for instance, an upward facing arrow appearing above the line) compared to when the stimuli is incongruent (for instance, an upward facing arrow appearing below the line).WRAPPING UPThe Stroop test has become a popular and widely used methodology that allows psychologists and researchers to get a peek into our brain functions and our implicit cognitive functions.The Stroop effect occurs when our minds are required to inhibit the response from an automatic stimuli and give more relevance to the response from a weaker s timuli.The test examines our ability to suppress our impulses and direct our attention where we want it at a particular time. The Stroop test is a simple exercise that you can do from anywhere. Give it a try and tell us how you fared in the comments below.

The Romantic Era - 1008 Words

A new approach to literature and art that rose in late eighteenth century was the beginning of the Romantic Movement. This was the first time poets and authors were able to strive for originality. The Romantic era was more open to mythic, mystic and spirituality than the enlightenment era had ever been. William Blake was a romantic poet. Romanticism was a movement, which was marked primarily by its rejection of the enlightenment ideologies and scientific methods, as well as its emphasis on the natural world, emotions, artistry and the personal expression. Growing up Blake`s childhood was dominated by spiritual visions which influenced his works and personal life. As a little boy he said he had seen a tree filled with angels. He was a†¦show more content†¦Strong super natural elements are found in â€Å" The Chimney Sweeper† when an angle coffins with the golden key redeeming the chimneysweeper. In 1794 Blake`s work Song of Experience, offers a set of companion pi eces that talk about the identical subject matters with a more experienced and knowing perspective. Blake wrote these two individual pieces to show his audience two completely different perspectives in the understanding of God, love and justice as an innocent child in Song of Innocence and as an experience grow adult in Song of Experience. Instead of looking at these poems a characterizing them in two dueling categories such as good vs. evil. We need to realize that both innocence and experience are important elements that have become separate from each other. We need to realize that both are needed to complete each other, much as male and female. Romantic poets had a strong way in which they showed their emotional expression; Blake used repetitious phrases in order to be able to highlight his emotions. In the Poem â€Å"London† which was written in the series â€Å"Song of Experience† he describes the metropolitan area of the city of London and its citizens. Blake tries to give his readers imagery, he does this by using specific markers in London, this makes his poetry seem powerful. An example of this is when he uses the Thames River to represent a sense of life to the busy city of London. Blake wrote London in order to show corruption in the city that have been created byShow MoreRelatedThe Romantic Era1550 Words   |  7 Pages The Romantic Era was one of the most artistically influential eras in recent history. Artists were fueled by their inner romantic and creative emotions rather than the more sinister tormented geniuses of the past. Their works were full of drama, love and death. The performing arts in particular were flourishing; ballet was truly taking off. The first pointe shoes were introduced in a performance of La Sylphides, shorter tutus and partnering were becoming the norm. But in particular, it was the eraRead MoreRomantic Imagery And The Romantic Era965 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Romantic period, a plethora of poets, authors, and thinkers used their visions and beliefs to try to persuade others to view life in a more individualistic style instead of following societal norms. George Byron, better known as Lord Byron, wrote all of his poems with an incredible amount of passion, similar to others in the Romantic era. His works stressed individuality and self-expression. His work â€Å"Sh e Walks in Beauty† is no different and serves as a glimpse into the Romantic era. In thisRead MoreThe Romantic Movement : The Influence Of The Romantic Era731 Words   |  3 Pagesnot exist as they do in 2016 without the influence of the Romantic Era. Though the Romantic Era occurred over 200 years ago, its characteristics are an intrinsic part of today’s culture and society. The Romantic Era was well know for attributes such as the feelings of intense emotion, individuality, imagination, and an ardour for the natural realm. The Romantic Movement aimed to overthrow the ideas of logic and order that Neoclassicism, the era proceeding Romanticism, had stood for and replace themRead MoreThe Leid in the Romantic Era1415 Words   |  6 Pagesthe name defines an era and a genre. A rare composer whos symphonic works represent the best legacy of the classical tradition, while his songs define German lied and exemplify the height of romantic lyricism. Schubert’s success with lied began with his masterpiece, Gretchen im Spinnrade. Written in the early romantic era, the year 1814. It is based on a text by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, a poet whose works would become the most associated with the romantic music of the era due in part to Schubert’sRead MoreGiselle And The Romantic Era1551 Words   |  7 Pages Giselle and the Romantic Era The Romantic Era was one of the most artistically influential era in recent history. Artists were fueled by their inner romantic, or creative emotions, rather than the more sinister tormented geniuses of the past. Their works were full of drama, love, death. The performing arts in particular were flourishing. Ballet was truly taking off. The first pointe shoes were introduced in a performance of Le Sylphides, shorter tutus, and partnering were becoming the norm. ButRead MoreThe Romantic Era Of Beethoven1709 Words   |  7 PagesBeethoven The Romantic Ludwig Beethoven grew up in an unhappy home during the late 1800s in Bonn, Germany. His alcoholic father was an angry man and Ludwig escaped his dreadful childhood in his music. At the age of twelve, Ludwig had symphonies imbedded in his mind and soul. He was a gifted composer who supported his family with his talent, he taught music and performed. Music was not enough to protect Ludwig from his abusive home life, his mother died and his father’s drinking grew worse. AtRead MoreThe Romantic Era to Present802 Words   |  3 PagesHumanities: The Romantic Era to Present Less than Men Are men and women equal? Women were and still are the most stereotypical human beings. Women’s have been viewed from the view point of being the most beautiful creation, to being fragile, weak and pretty much useless. Women were said to belong at homes. They were to become housewives, to become nurses, people takers, and only good for house works. They were looked down upon. As Franà §ois Poullain stated, â€Å"Let every Man be asked his ThoughtsRead MoreBallet As Part Of The Romantic Era1729 Words   |  7 PagesAcadà ©mie Royale de Danse. There were many eras of Ballet such as Ballet de Court (1600’s) and Ballet de action (1700’s). The 19th Century in particular saw a significant development in Ballet as part of the Romantic Era. Following the French Revolution (1789-1799) there was a new social enlightenment and opportunity for people push boundaries, break social norms and challenge morals and ideas. This massive shift in society saw the beginning of the Romantic era; a period in which writers, poets, artistsRead MoreTaking a Look at the Romantic Era1107 Words   |  4 PagesRomantic Era Romanticism was brought to life around 1780 and thinned out around 1850. During this age romantic thought and imagination was chosen over reason, emotions, logic, intuition, and science. The late 18th century was a perfect era for romanticism. During this time period it spread wildly through the countries of Europe, the United States and Latin America and touched the pens of so many writers. Romanticism gave a type of feeling that made a lot excited or enthused to write and expressRead MoreThe Contributions Of The Romantic Era And Romanticism1107 Words   |  5 Pagessociety. The Romantic Era or Romanticism took place during the late 18th century to the late 19th century focused on following people’s hearts more than their minds. These time periods played a key role in shaping the society we know and live in today. Elon Musk said it best when it came to the Enlightenment, â€Å"Really, the only thing that makes sense is to strive for greater collective enlightenment.† The Enlightenment was based on reason, common sense, and freedom. During this era, many philosophers

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1410 Words

Things Fall Apart In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a journey to a Nigerian tribe, Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. Okonkwo showed that he had so much to live for, but as seen through the story, that quickly changed. Okonkwo was not any old village boy, he didn’t inherit a farm, nor was he from a wealthy family. Okonkwo disliked his father because he never paid his debts and was always looking to borrow money from others in the village. This left Okonkwo in a tough situation. The clash of cultures is one of the most important themes seen in book. After the Christian missionaries arrived in Umuofia, they immediately begin to alter the locals, which was ultimately the†¦show more content†¦They were 2 different sides that lived their daily lives differently. In the beginning, Okonkwo is known to be hot headed and quick to judge, therefore he was not ready to go down without a fight. There was a lot culturally that was different between the two sides that caused the feuds. Okonkwo’s role of power changed in the book many times such as when he left the village. He was forced to leave because during a funeral because his gun accidently went off and killed one of the young men of the village. The man killed was a clanman and this was a crime against the earth goddess. His family whole suffered from his accident, as they were all exiled from the village. Shortly after his departure from the village his hut was burned down. While Okonkwo was gone the Christian missionaries came to the village and converted Okonkwo’s son Nwoye into a Christian himself. Both sides had some cultural misunderstandings as the Christians arrived at the village, the Igbo people though they were missionaries. Okonkwos power was fluctuating throughout the plot, more or less at certain times. The book also has different genders with different roles such as the males apart from the females. Also the lifestyle was very different. â€Å"Okonkwo was not afraid of war. He was a man of action, a man of war. Unlike his father he could stand the look of blood. In Umuofia’s latest war he was the first to bring home a human head.†(Achebe 46) Okonkwo starts out in the book in a position of

Ford Pinto Case Study Free Essays

Ford Pinto Case Study MGT 216 Ford Pinto Case Study The purpose of this paper will be to determine whether Ford was to blame in the Ford Pinto Case. This paper will provide possible solutions as well as supporting statements. This paper will examine all external social pressures and determine how external pressures affect individuals’ points of view. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Pinto Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Further, this paper will discuss how the issue would be viewed differently in today’s society. In today’s society ethical issues are under heavy scrutiny. To examine this case thoroughly, the time and social norms of the time must be taken into consideration. The big question with the case is whether or not the Ford business acted ethically when designing the Pinto’s fuel system. The case was put under a microscope and analyzed because the company did not upgrade the integrity of the system until 1978 because of the cost benefits analysis. In determining whether or not to make the production change, the Ford Motor Company defended itself by contending that it used a risk/benefit analysis. Ford stated that its reason for using a risk/benefit analysis was due to the fact that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) required them to do so (Leggett, 1999). Business people should not forget that they have a social responsibility as well as a responsibility of maintaining business ethics. If faced with an ethical dilemma similar to that in the Pinto case, it would be important to consider the factors and remind management that it is unethical to knowingly market a car with unsafe parts to the public (De George, 2006). Taking the time to put in a bit more money to make a quality product is more important than building a car that will eventually be recalled and decline in future profits. Quality and safety are on the minds of consumers when purchasing a car. When the cars are made of good quality, it shows the consumers that the values and ethics of a company are solid and that the company puts pride in their work. This ensures that there develops a trust between consumer and company, and possibly a long relationship between the two. If these observations do not convince management, it should be suggested to publish a warning on the risks associated with the Pinto and/or issue a recall. The last option would force management to take nother look into investing more in their cars. If management declines the request to inform the public then the ethical decision would be to â€Å"blow the whistle†. Safety should be the first concern. Putting oneself behind the wheel with family would make that decision easy. Any information would be distributed anonymously and made known in all forms of media to the public (Nadler Schulman, 2006). The social pressures that Ford Motor Company faced were: decline in sales, increased risk of litigation and lawsuits, and their reputation being slandered. The Ford Corporation knew from the beginning that the Pinto was dangerous. If the corporation continued to manufacture the Pinto they knew there was a risk of many lawsuits (class action) and litigation on the horizon. The corporation conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine how many deaths would occur and how it would impact the company financially. The cost-benefit analysis would determine the cost the company would be responsible for if a certain percentage of the deceased persons’ families sued the company and won (DeGeorge, 2006). It was in the best interest of the company to cut their losses and stop manufacturing the Pinto because the issues became public. Their reputation was tarnished, despite the fact that they corrected the problems. This lead to a reduction in sales/profits since the consumers wouldn’t invest in the Pinto due to prior issues. Consumers didn’t care that they corrected the issues. The best option for Ford is to invest in a safer and better product and cut their losses. During the 1970s it should have been obvious to Ford that the general public was not favorable to them ignoring the problems concerning the fuel tank. Even though they reasoned it out of their calculations by using a risk/benefit analysis, safety was a factor to buyers even back then. The same approach mentioned above could have been used back then as well. Step one would have been encouraging management to make the right decision. Ford should have decided to not produce additional cars with the issue. Publishing a warning to all purchasers of the (impaired) car should also have occurred, along with an offer of updating the fuel tank with the appropriate parts free of charge. If management declined to do any of these then blowing the whistle would be best. As indicated before, one just has to put themselves in the driver’s seat along with their family to understand the importance of correcting the problem. You truly cannot put a price on a human being, no matter how hard you try. Essentially, ethics and morals are nearly bound at the same hand. A vehicle, knowingly defective, can be sold day in and day out for personal and corporate gain. Ethics plays its part when the entire corporation is knowingly and encouraging these actions. A re-call on a vehicle is not the fault of the salesman selling the car in Wheeler, TX. It is the right and duty of the auto-maker to let the salesman in Wheeler, TX aware of the defaults in the vehicle in order for that salesman to inform his customers of the automobile that they are prepared to purchase. THIS is an ethical violation! It becomes an ethical question, when the Corporates encourage the sales of these ill-made vehicles simply in order to meet they’re bottom line. (Toyota). It is fascinating that when we speak of ethics that we never speak of values. The CEO’s, COO’s CFO’s have no values in these instances; therefore they have no morals or ethics. Rarely do we see the head of a Fortune 500 Company come out publicly and admit that they had no ethics going into this project. Ethics has gone by the waste-side in recent years and the corporations are not the only ones to blame. These employees of they’re rightful companies have literally forced most of there employees to, so called, â€Å"play ball† for sales, benefits and bonuses. No matter what the cost or expense to the consumer. Many believe that ethics still lives and breathes in our corporate world, but until there are morals and honesty, the American people are simply done buying what they are selling! References De George, R. (2006). Chapter 12 Whistle blowing. â€Å"Business Ethics†, 6thed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Leggett, C. (1999). Life as it applies to the Negligence-Efficiency. Retrieved from http://www. wfu. edu/~palmitar/LawValuation/Papers/1999/Leggett-pinto. html on February 9, 2011 How to cite Ford Pinto Case Study, Free Case study samples Ford Pinto Case Study Free Essays Ford Pinto case and unethical decision making According to the article, Tioga is inclined to make unethical decisions due to the nature of his work. Therefore, his decision not to recall the defective Pinto for further Improvements to its safety standards Is unethical. This Is due to the fact that, people were unaware that Pinto could entail great risks for their safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Pinto Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, Goal Is based on scripts before making his decision. Thus, by using a cost-benefit analysis means that he considers human life a financial value which contradicts the values and principles of moral behavior. HIS decision making process Is based on the utilitarian model which means that he seeks for a decision that would maximize his overall happiness. This decision was to act In favor of his company’s profitability Instead of people’s safety. However, the sotto-psychological dynamics that forced Tioga to make an unethical decision are many and difficult to recognize even an experienced manager like him. To start with, time pressure is a leading factor that he could not avoid during the decision making process. Indeed, the rigid completion between car industries along with the oil crisis which affected the marketplace were two key issues that Tioga had to take into consideration before making his decision. Moreover, Tioga felt loyal towards his Job because of the good salary and the carrier opportunities, therefore, he had adopted the cultural values of the organization which means that he was acting for the organization’s profitability and sustainability. Furthermore, he experienced a lot of corporate pressure to follow specific guidelines concerning the production costs which did not allow him to move forward Pinto’s recall. Another reason was the heavy workload which limited his ability to consider the ethical dimensions of his decision, but rather, focus on a schematic processing which was the only way to evaluate the large amount of information. How to cite Ford Pinto Case Study, Free Case study samples

The Use of Marijuana in California

Marijuana is a drug substance better known as Cannabis Sativa. Its inhibitory aspects affect the brain’s development and results in the destruction of brain cells alongside other terminal diseases’ malignant cells. The users of marijuana often find themselves needing it more and more each day owing to this aspect.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Marijuana in California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The US government ensures that its use is limited to a minimum by enforcing harsh punishments to the dealers and users of marijuana. My opinion on California’s marijuana problem would be that the use of marijuana in California remains criminalized. Using marijuana is detrimental to one’s health and the society at large. The United States has continuously battled the implementation of medical marijuana. Regardless, it has seen fervent attempts by some state officials in passing and implementing ordinances and laws that allow for its use and cultivation. It is important to assess the implementation issues and general outcomes marijuana regulations established as well as the implications on the society. It is also important to establish the roles played by Government, Businesses and non-profit Organizations within the state of California. Government Participation Local governments have in the recent past dealt with issues rising from the growing, production and circulation of medical marijuana. According to reports on cannabis trends in the US, California’s neighbouring state of Oregon had established decriminalization legislation by 1973. California then went forward to propose the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (Proposition 36), which was passed by 61% of the house. Its requirements were that first and second offense cannabis violators be checked into drug treatment institutions in place of facing trial and possible imprisonment. F ollowing attempts by the government to amend its legal systems, the state of California marijuana use is decriminalized to date. In recent years, Marijuana usage in the state of California has risen owing to numerous legislations within the US. The same can be said to be attributed to cultural beliefs abound using Cannabis as a medical drug. The government’s has played a role in the spread of marijuana. In recent years have seen California’s state officials go into debate and enact bills that were designed to allow the use of marijuana. An example of such programs is the Medical marijuana program. This program was enacted in the year 1996 and labelled California Proposition 215. A similar program called the California Senate Bill 420 was passed in the year 2003.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Compassionate Use Act received a 55% majority vote prior to its e nactment. This act was established so that the use of marijuana could be applied in curing and controlling such diseases as cancer, AIDS, and other chronic diseases. Governor Gray Davis of California also accented and enacted the Medical Marijuana Protection Act (SB 420). This act supported the use of medical marijuana by patients who would be presented with an identification card for identification purposes. Another pointer that portrays the role played by the government in the use of marijuana is the signing of CA State Senate Bill 1449 into law. This law lightens the drug possession charges and equates the charge to that of a traffic violation. It is important to note that the law describes the possession of marijuana as a violation punishable by applying a $100 fine. Simply put, these attempts decriminalized marijuana use and possession. Business Participation In the year 2009, Tom Ammiano, (US Democratic Party’s California State Assemblyman) pioneered the Marijuana Contr ol, Regulation, Education Act. This bill had been proposed in order to waiver all penalties established under California law the sale, purchase, transportation, possession, use, as well as the cultivation of cannabis within the state. This facilitated trade and distribution in the state of California. Like wise, the bill waived penalties for the use and trade, as well as the possession of natural THC and supply by people aged 21 and over. The bill prohibited local and state law officials from implementing federal marijuana regulations. In the state’s defence, the bill helped in improving the national budget from the 2008–2010 California budget crises. It was designed to ensure the state was free to regulate and tax marijuana use and its sale at a price of $50 per ounce. California’s reports on taxation indicated that the state had experienced a rise in collected revenue by over $1.3 billion annually. The year 2010 would see California pass the Regulate, Control and Tax Cannabis Act. This act legalized cannabis while permitting the taxation, trade of cannabis, and the regulation of similar activities. It failed during the November 2 election. Non-profit Organizations and their role in Marijuana control Non profit organizations entrusted with marijuana handling in California are supportive of the medical uses of marijuana in the state of California and elsewhere. The law enforcers are, therefore, kept in check by these organizations, and thus, are hand-bound when dealing with marijuana. The non-profit organizations in the region are enhancers of the drug usage in the hampering of its use for medical purposes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Marijuana in California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More My personal beliefs and enlightenment come to play after watching the ‘Pot Republic’ a documentary on the widespread use of marijuana in the state of Ca lifornia. It is my belief that marijuana can be applied in development of a better control drug for curing the diseases indicated. Drug use is a vice that should be eliminated in the society. There would be not point in harming the mind in an attempt to cure diseases by smoking marijuana. In conclusion, my opinion on drug use remains unchanged, and I maintain that drug use should be avoided at all costs. This essay on The Use of Marijuana in California was written and submitted by user Bradley Compton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.